Understanding Inheritance Tax (IHT) and Life Insurance
What Is Inheritance Tax?
For the 2024/2025 tax year, IHT applies to estates valued above £325,000. This amount is known as the Nil-Rate Band (NRB). In addition to the NRB, there’s also the Residence Nil-Rate Band (RNRB) that applies if a home is left to direct descendants (children), which could increase the total threshold to £500,000 per individual, or £1 million for couples if allowances are transferred. However, if the estate exceeds £2 million, the RNRB gradually reduces, tapering by £1 for every £2 above this threshold. For example, an estate worth £2.4 million would result in a taxable estate of £2.075 million, leading to an IHT liability of £830,000 at the 40% tax rate. Tax Rate: Any value above the Nil-Rate Band is taxed at a rate of 40%. For example, a £400,000 estate would have a taxable amount of £75,000, leading to a tax bill of £30,000.Can Life Insurance Cover Inheritance Tax?
Life insurance can be a highly effective way to ensure your loved ones have the necessary funds to cover the IHT bill without being forced to sell assets like property. Here’s how…- A life insurance payout can cover the IHT bill, preventing heirs (beneficiaries) from having to sell investments or family homes.
- Insurance payouts are typically faster than the process of estate administration, allowing for prompt payment of IHT and avoiding potential penalties.
- Life insurance policies can be tailored to match the estimated IHT liability, and policies like whole-of-life insurance guarantee a payout regardless of when death occurs.
- Placing life insurance policies in trust ensures the payout is outside the taxable estate, providing a quicker and tax-free benefit to beneficiaries.
- Life insurance works alongside other strategies, such as gifting and trusts, to form a comprehensive IHT plan.
Practical Steps for Life Insurance and Inheritance Tax Planning
- Calculate your potential IHT liability and assess the total value of your estate, including property, savings, and investments.
- Place policies in Trust to ensure life insurance payouts are kept outside your taxable estate by setting up a trust.
- Regularly review your estate plan to account for changes in your estate value and tax laws.
Types of Life Insurance for IHT
Whole-of-Life Insurance: This is a type of insurance that provides a guaranteed payout, which can be used to cover inheritance tax (IHT). There’s no end date for the policy, meaning it remains in force until the person passes away. Gift Inter Vivos Insurance: This covers IHT on gifts given during a person’s lifetime. If you give a gift and pass away within seven years, this policy helps cover the potential IHT liability on those gifts.Other Ways to Reduce Inheritance Tax
- Transfers between spouses or civil partners are exempt from IHT.
- Annual gifts can be up to £3,000 each tax year without it counting towards your estate.
- Gifts up to £250 per person per year are also exempt.
- Potentially Exempt Transfers (PETs) are gifts that become exempt from IHT if the donor lives for seven years after making them.
- If you leave at least 10% of your estate to charity, it reduces the IHT rate on the remainder from 40% to 36%.
Example of Life Insurance for IHT
Consider an estate valued at £1.2 million:- Nil-Rate Band (£325,000) + Residence Nil-Rate Band (£175,000) = £500,000
- Taxable Estate: £1.2 million – £500,000 = £700,000
- IHT Liability: 40% of £700,000 = £280,000
- £50,000 cover: £58.58/month
- £100,000 cover: £110.43/month
- £150,000 cover: £163.94/month
- £200,000 cover: £218.60/month
- £250,000 cover: £273.44/month
